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Setup of a Cinnamon Server on Debian 10.1.0 (buster)

NOTE: This documentation is currently under construction.

This documentation relates to Debian 10.1.0 Server (without GUI).
Particularly, it relates to a minimal Debian server VM installed from the Debian repositories on the KVM virtualization host.
The installation according to this documentation has been tested on a system of this type.

Installing Cinnamon Server

Log in to the standard Debian 10.1.0 VM (this is a minimal installation with ssh as the only option).

IMPORTANT: Choose a safe password on production systems (see (1)).
Use the su command to acquire root privileges.
Edit ~/.bashrc and append the following line:
```
PATH=$PATH:/usr/sbin
```
Exit and use the su command again to make the previous change effective.

Install Java (JDK), cURL and some other useful or required tools. When the installer asks you, deny mounting WebDAV resources to unprivileged users.

apt update
apt-get install curl sudo less daemontools rsync davfs2 htop zip unzip sshpass apt-transport-https ca-certificates wget dirmngr gnupg software-properties-common
wget -qO - https://adoptopenjdk.jfrog.io/adoptopenjdk/api/gpg/key/public | sudo apt-key add -
add-apt-repository --yes https://adoptopenjdk.jfrog.io/adoptopenjdk/deb/
apt update
apt install adoptopenjdk-8-hotspot

In case other Java versions had been installed on the system before (like Java 11), select Java 8 with the following command:
```
update-alternatives --config java
```
Create a new group and user for tomcat.
```
groupadd tomcat
useradd -s /bin/false -g tomcat -d /opt/tomcat tomcat
mkdir /opt/tomcat
```
- The home directory of this account is set to /opt/tomcat.
- The shell of this account is set to /bin/false, so logging on is not possible.

Download and extract tomcat.

cd /tmp 
curl -O https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.38/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.38.tar.gz
tar xzvf apache-tomcat-8.5.38.tar.gz -C /opt/tomcat --strip-components=1
chgrp -R tomcat /opt/tomcat
cd /opt/tomcat
chown -R tomcat webapps/ work/ temp/ logs/
chmod -R g+r conf
chmod g+x conf
chmod -R g+rw logs

Create a Tomcat service.

Create the service file.

nano /etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service

Paste the following code into the file:

[Unit]
Description=Apache Tomcat Web Application Container
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking

Environment=JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/adoptopenjdk-8-hotspot-amd64/jre
Environment=CATALINA_PID=/opt/tomcat/temp/tomcat.pid
Environment=CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat
Environment=CATALINA_BASE=/opt/tomcat
Environment='JAVA_OPTS=-Djava.awt.headless=true -Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom'

ExecStart=/opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/opt/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh

User=tomcat
Group=tomcat
UMask=0007
RestartSec=10
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Save and close the file.

Start and test Tomcat.

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start tomcat
systemctl status tomcat

Alternatively, you can use the following syntax to control the tomcat service:

service tomcat start
service tomcat stop
service tomcat status

Stop tomcat.
```
service tomcat stop
```
Install PostgreSQL database.
```
apt-get install postgresql
```

Set password for user postgres.

NOTE: This is required for backup and restore.

sudo -u postgres psql template1
ALTER USER postgres PASSWORD 'myPassword';
\q

Create a database user cinnamon.
- Start the user creation program.
```
sudo -u postgres createuser --interactive
```
- Answer the questions as follows:

Question	Answer
Enter the name of the role to add:	`cinnamon`
Shall the new role be a superuser?	`n`
Shall the new role be allowed to create databases?	`n`
Shall the new role be allowed to create more new roles?	`n`

Set a password for the user.

IMPORTANT: Choose a safe password on production systems (see (1)).
```
sudo -u postgres psql
ALTER USER "cinnamon" WITH PASSWORD 'new_password';
\q
```

Assign password to user cinnamon and add it to the tomcat group.

IMPORTANT: Choose a safe password on production systems (see (1)).
```
useradd -g tomcat -d /opt/cinnamon cinnamon
passwd cinnamon
mkdir /opt/cinnamon
```

Create a file /opt/tomcat/bin/setenv.sh and paste the following content into it:

export CATALINA_OPTS="$CATALINA_OPTS -Xms32m"
export CATALINA_OPTS="$CATALINA_OPTS -Xmx4g"
export CATALINA_OPTS="$CATALINA_OPTS -XX:MaxPermSize=256m"
export CATALINA_OPTS="$CATALINA_OPTS -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=750"
export CATALINA_OPTS="$CATALINA_OPTS -XX:GCTimeRatio=9"
export CATALINA_OPTS="$CATALINA_OPTS -server"
export CATALINA_OPTS="$CATALINA_OPTS -XX:+DisableExplicitGC"
export CINNAMON_HOME_DIR="/opt/cinnamon/cinnamon-system"

Set the permissions to the file /opt/tomcat/setenv.sh.
```
chmod ug+x /opt/tomcat/bin/setenv.sh
```
Upload cinnamon.zip to /home/install.

Unzip the required files and move Cinnamon content and system files to the correct location:

cd /home/install
unzip cinnamon.zip
cd cinnamon
mv cinnamon-data /opt/cinnamon
mv cinnamon-system /opt/cinnamon

Create database and import SQL dump.

sudo -u postgres psql template1
create database content with owner=cinnamon;
\q
sudo -u postgres psql content < /home/install/cinnamon/content.sql

Change the owner and permissions of the Cinnamon directories.

cd /opt/cinnamon
chown -R cinnamon:tomcat cinnamon-data
chown -R cinnamon:tomcat cinnamon-system
chmod -R 770 cinnamon-data
chmod -R 770 cinnamon-system

Edit the password settings in the config files. TODO details

Move cinnamon.war and change its owner.

mv /home/install/cinnamon/cinnamon.war /opt/tomcat/webapps
chown -R tomcat:tomcat /opt/tomcat/webapps/cinnamon.war

Set Tomcat service to start automatically.
```
systemctl enable tomcat
```
Start Tomcat.
```
service tomcat start
```

Installing Cinnamon Asynchronous Engine (CAE)

Create a new group and user for CAE.
```
groupadd cae
useradd -s /bin/bash -g cae -d /opt/cae cae
mkdir /opt/cae
```
- The home directory of this account is set to /opt/cae.
- The shell of this account is set to /bin/bash. For debugging purposes, it is useful to log on as the CAE user and run CAE from the shell.
- Optionally, the shell can be set to /bin/false, disabling login as CAE user. Instead, testing can be performed as root.
Unzip the file cae.zip to /opt/cae.

Install dependencies, particularly mono from their repository (instead of the Debian packages).

apt-get install apt-transport-https dirmngr gnupg ca-certificates
apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys 3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF
echo "deb https://download.mono-project.com/repo/debian stable-stretch main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mono-official-stable.list
apt update
apt-get install mono-complete ca-certificates-mono imagemagick

Configure CAE.
- Edit the configuration file.
```
nano /opt/cae/bin/CinnamonAsynchronousEngine.config.xml
```
- Set the user credentials.
  
  NOTE: Details will follow.

Transfer folder structure to user cae.

chgrp -R cae /opt/cae
chown -R cae /opt/cae
chmod -R 770 /opt/cae

Set owner and permission to script.

chgrp cae /opt/cae/bin/cae.sh
chown cae /opt/cae/bin/cae.sh
chmod a+x /opt/cae/bin/cae.sh

Set the script to be automatically started, and restarted when it exits (for any reason).
- Copy cae.sh to run.
```
cp /opt/cae/bin/cae.sh /opt/cae/bin/run
```
- Create the crontab.
```
crontab -e
```
- Append the following code at the end of the crontab.
  
  120 seconds sleep time is on the safe side. On most systems, much shorter times work safely, e. g. 30 seconds. If the sleep time is too short, the process may fail to start correctly, so do not configure this value too small.
```
@reboot sleep 120; supervise /opt/cae/bin
```
- Save and close the file.

Backup

Cinnamon itself does not contain a backup mechanism, since all data is contained in the PostgreSQL database and the content files. Both can be backed up with operation system or database standard means.

The backup configuration in detail depends on the system environment and the available backup target.

A sample configuration, using rsync to copy the content and the standard database dump utility to backup the database can be found in reference (2). The configuration described there is successfully used in several production systems and has the advantage to avoid huge content transfer every night due to the differential rsync function.

References

Last modified 5 years ago Last modified on Sep 17, 2019, 9:49:04 AM

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